by webadmin | Feb 3, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Regional Monitoring of Natural Environment 2002, No 3, 117-122
FLY ASH LANDFILLS’ MONITORING
Magdalena Woźniak, Maria Żygadło
Summary
Present legal regulations obligate to monitor refuse landfields. Rainfall water, frequently acid rainfall washout soluble substances from waste products. The object of investigation is the landfields of fly ash waste from heat – power plant in Kielce.
The aim of that research was analysis of climate factors and time duration on erosive processes of fly ash, which was deposited on the wet landfields. The range of investigation included the exposure of fly ash to low temperatures (freezing), exposure to UV radiation and coincident effect of low temperatures and UV radiation on fly ash.
The water extracts from the fly–ash were examined from the point of view of variability of pH and conductivity. The analysis of heavy metals concentration in fly ash eluted with water after 60 cycle was also conducted with AAS metod.
by webadmin | Feb 3, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Regional Monitoring of Natural Environment 2002, No 3, 25-27
INTEGRATED INDICATORS OF THE STATE OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Marek Jóźwiak
Summary
In the 1970s and 1980s in world literature were described many different methods and techniques of the assessment of the environment, both in cognitive and practical aspects. This was caused by a huge demand on such opinions, without which it is impossible to understand the basic regularities that determine the mutual relationships between man and his environment. A characteristic feature of many of the most important environmental issues at present is the fact that we recognize them only when their causes disappeared without investigation, whereas their outcomes and pressures intensified continuously, and at a certain moment it became obvious that they have a significant effect on man and the environment. In the 1990s research work was initiated into the developing indicatory systems which would reflect the relationships among the state of the natural environment, economic processes and the effectiveness of environmental protection. The D-P-S-I-R method [Driving Forces – Pressures – State – Impact – Response] was developed in the European Environment Agency (EEA), and the P-S-R method [Pressures-State-Response] was developed in the United Nations Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Most of the coefficients developed so far are focused on the presentation of causes, the current state and public response. They concern the questions of sustainable development in the economic, social, environmental and institutional aspects. The P-S-R method, developed in Poland, presents the cause-and-effect relationships occurring between man’s effect on the environment, the quality of individual components of the environment and taking of remedial actions aimed at the improvement of the existing situation.
by webadmin | Feb 3, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Regional Monitoring of Natural Environment 2002, No 3, 87-93
DYNAMICS OF SUSPENDED DUST CONCENTRATION ON THE BASIS OF RESULTS OBTAINED AT THE ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKA ACADEMY MONITORING STATION IN THE YEARS 1994–2000
Marek Jóźwiak, Hubert Wróblewski
Summary
Air pollution is understood as the presence of solid, liquid and gaseous substances, in the bottom layer of the atmosphere, alien to its natural composition, which occur in quantities hazardous for man’s health, harmful for plants, animals and exerting an unfavourable influence on climate and on the way of the utilization of definite elements of the environment. The exact knowledge of the kind, causes, sizes and dynamics of the pollutants is the basis for concerted efforts aimed at the restoration and further maintenance of clean atmospheric air. Dust is one of the main components of atmospheric air pollution. In dependence of the kind and size distribution, dust may freely fall in the air or become suspended for a long time.
The aim of the present study is to present the dynamics of suspended dust on the basis of results obtained at the Monitoring Station of Świętokrzyskiej Academy in the years 1994-2000. The investigations carried out so far (Jóźwiak 2001, Jóźwiak, Kowalkowski 2002, Kowalkowski et al. 2002, Kozłowski 2001) showed that the natural environment of Świętokrzyski National Park is in the stage of multidirectional advanced and increasing evolutionary transformations. The direct sources of part of air dust pollution, measured at the Święty Krzyż Monitoring Station, are power stations, households, heating plants, industrial institutions and transportation. Registration of suspended dust concentrations derived from distant transport is due to the location of the Station 500 m above sea level and the direction of polluted air masses.
The average suspended dust concentration for the years 1994-2000 is 27.72 μg•m-3 with annual fluctuations from 38.46 μg•m-3 in the year 1994 and 28.49 μg•m-3 in the year 1998, to 25.48 μg•m-3 in the year 1995 and 24.13 μg•m-3 in the year 2000 (Fig. 4). The highest annual dust concentration was recorded in winter, spring and autumn (Fig. 5). Out of the analyzed natural factors, air temperature and relative moisture as well as rainfalls and wind speed exert effect on the change of dust concentration (Figs. 6-10).
by webadmin | Feb 3, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Regional Monitoring of Natural Environment 2002, No 3, 17-24
THE EXPLICATED CONCEPTION OF THE FOREST-AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEM MONITORING OF THE ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKI REGION
Marek Jóźwiak, Alojzy Kowalkowski
Summary
The study presents the developed conception of integrated monitoring carried out in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains since 1993. The investigations are carried out on the area of the so-called White Basin and Świętokrzyski National Park by the Monitoring Station of Świętokrzyska Academy. They include measurements of the basic features of the representative eco habitat in perpendicular section in the system atmosphere (input) – hylosphere – pedosphere (processing) – hydrosphere – lithosphere (output) as well as in the horizontal – micro drainage catchment. In accordance with adopted aims, the measuring programme comprises 6 component elements of the ecosystem: air, vegetation, climate, soils, rainfall and surface waters as well as rocks. These elements are considered in the sense of integrated interactions of environmental components, operating incessantly in time and space. The measuring programme takes into account changes in land use and various symptoms of anthropopression. This will allow in future to estimate in a more comprehensive way the dynamics of processes occurring in forest and agricultural ecosystems. It will also permit to estimate trends, prepare prognoses and determine indicatory values about the state of the natural environment, which will be used for its assessment in the realization of the assumptions of the policy of ecodevelopment on the regional and national levels.
by webadmin | Feb 3, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Regional Monitoring of Natural Environment 2002, No 3, 81-84
AIR CONTAMINATION IN ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKI NATIONAL PARK ON THE BIOINDICATORS BASE BETWEEN 1991–2001
Katarzyna Sawicka–Kapusta, Marta Zakrzewska
Summary
Lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. was used to compare the air pollution in Świętokrzyski National Park in 1991 and 1998 and to estimate the air pollution in the Base Station Św. Krzyż. The data obtained showed decrease in concentrations of most studied metals. Results from 2001 indicate still high amounts of Pb, Zn and S. Basing on Global Pollution Index and Sulphur Index, ŚwNP was estimated as a moderately polluted park.
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