by webadmin | Feb 3, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Regional Monitoring of Natural Environment 2002, No 3, 57-60
ORGANIZATION OF THE QUALITY OF ORDINARY GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN THE NATIONAL AND REGIONAL NETWORKS IN ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKIE PROVINCE
Jan Prażak
Summary
Monitoring of ordinary water quality in points of the national and regional networks on the territory of Świętokrzyskie Province has been carried out since 1991/1992. There are 24 points of the national and 106 points of the regional groundwater quality monitoring network (Fig. 1). The network points are dug wells, drilled wells, infiltration sources and intakes of river waters (in the Nida river basin). Water quality is examined on all usable watercarrying levels. Annual reports are made from the results of the examinations and delivered to the provincial Inspectorate of Environmental Protection in Kielce and the Department of Environmental Protection and Agriculture of the Świętokrzyski Province Hall. They contain results of chemical analyses of groundwater together with a simple assessment. Once in a couple of years special reports are made. They contain a detailed assessment of the state of groundwater quality on the territory of the Province.
by webadmin | Feb 3, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Regional Monitoring of Natural Environment 2002, No 3, 53-55
POSSIBILITIES AND WAYS OF USING FUNGI IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Janusz Łuszczyński
Summary
The article presents selected examples of the use of macromycetes fungi in the local monitoring of the biological environment and in the monitoring of the physical parameters of the environment. The experimental methods used in the investigation of macromycetes fungi, such as fixed investigation areas, fulfil the basic assumptions of monitoring. The biological sensitivity of fungi to various kinds of environmental changes perfectly predisposes this group for monitoring investigation. In this investigation the fungi can be perceived as the investigation object and they can be themselves indicators of changes in the environment.
by webadmin | Feb 3, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Regional Monitoring of Natural Environment 2002, No 3, 71-74
MONITORING OF THE POST–IRONMAKING SPACE OF BLAST ASSEMBLY IN STARACHOWICE USING ALGAES AND SNAILS AS BIOINDICATOR OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT STATE
Jadwiga Barga–Więcławska, Joanna Czerwik–Marcinkowska,Teresa Mrozińska–Broda
Summary
The results of algological and malacological studies on the Blast Assembly in Starachowice are presented. The alga and snails were collected in 2000 and 2001. The present study was undertaken to establish the species composition and their distribution in natural environment inquired of the post–ironmaking space. A number of 35 species of alga and 25 species of snails from different ecological groups have been found on selected sites coupled with different stages of technological process. It was observed that although far–moved degradation of soil and water, either alga and snails could accommodate to changeable circumstances of natural environment and also they created adaptor mechanism which allowed them for intensive development and slow succession of the post–ironmaking space on the Blast Assembly. The occurrence in this area of rare and vulnerable species (Ophiocytium iikae, Helix lutescens) indicates a unique natural character of the Assembly.
by webadmin | Feb 3, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Regional Monitoring of Natural Environment 2002, No 3, 109-116
DIFFERENTIATION OF KIELCE BIOCLIMATE IN SUMMER SEASON
Grzegorz Żarnowiecki
Summary
The aim of the present study was to determine the degree of differentiation of biotopoclimatic conditions on the area of Kielce during summer season. An attempt at estimation of the effect of individual factors upon these conditions was made too.
The measurements were made in 8 places located in various topographical situations (max. distance 4,5 km). Downtown points SQUARE (PLAC) and STATION (DWORZEC) represented build–up area, the point PARK was situated in City Park and CATHEDRAL (KATEDRA) was located on the cathedral hill. The points SILNICA and LAKE (ZALEW) were situated (respectively) at the bottom of the river valley, and in the vicinity of the artificial lake. The point HOSPITAL (SZPITAL) was on the hill near a wide road. The stand GARDEN (OGRÓDEK) was located outside the town and was treated as a relation point (fig. 1). The synchronous all day and every hour measurements were conducted in June and July of 1999, 2000 and 2001 during sunny and dry weather. The measurements of air temperature and humidity were made by Assmann’s aspiration psychrometers at 130 cm above the ground. The cooling power was measured by Kata thermometers at the same level. The speed of wind was measured by Robinson’s anemometer at height 200 cm. Statistical characteristics of some meteorological elements and biometeorological indices are presented in table 1.
Relationships between hourly values of ground surface temperature outside the city (GARDEN) and appropriate values at the remaining points were calculated (tab. 2). The temperature of the ground (active surface) most differentiated measured points. Its role as differentiation factor increased in conditions of intense insolation at midday. Relationships between active surface temperature outside the town (GARDEN) and on the other points were obtained in the form of logarithmic functions (fig. 2). These functions revealed 3 groups of points: very warm (SQUARE, STATION, CATHEDRAL), moderately warm (LAKE, HOSPITAL) and cool (PARK, SILNICA). The first group of points has usually a higher air temperature in relation to the suburban. The frequency of sultry states was calculated using Leitsner scale of equivalent temperature (Prott formula) and Scharlau’s criterion of actual vapour pressure (fig. 5). Sultry periods occurred most often in the vicinity of water (LAKE and SILNICA) and inside compact building (STATION and SQUARE).
Bioclimatic conditions in the town with respect to dry cooling power using Kacvisnsky and Petrovič scale were estimated too. The comfort conditions “calm” were most often in points GARDEN and LAKE. On the other hand thermal condition “hot” were noted most often on stands SILNICA and STATION because these places are sheltered. The conditions “cool” occurred only at points GARDEN and HOSPITAL (fig. 8).
Tree clustering analysis was conducted in order to determine bioclimatic differentiation on the basis of average values of individual elements and all elements jointly. The results are presented in the form of dendrograms using Manhattan distance method (figs. 3, 6, 7). The highest degree of bioclimatic similarity in recpect of mean values distinguished CATHEDRAL and HOSPITAL – the points situated on hill with grass as active surface. The second set forms SILNICA and PARK, which characterised by small ventilation. The most individual character of its bioclimate appeared SQUARE and STATION, which represented concrete–covered active surfaces. In conclusion one may state that differentiation of biotopoclimate in Kielce during radiation weather is determined above all by physical properties of the active surface.
by webadmin | Feb 3, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Regional Monitoring of Natural Environment 2002, No 3, 61-68
TIME STRUCTURE OF SELECTED INTEGRATED MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENT DATA SERIES
Alfred Stach
Summary
Semivariogam analysis was applied to detect hidden time structure of three types of data: daily mean soil temperature at 50 cm depth, daily cumulative average of gas/aerosol pollutants concentrations and monthly weighted mean precipitation pollutants concentrations. The first data set are of high time inertia, high measurement frequency and low level of processing of original measurements. The second one differs by high time variability, looks even chaotic and lacks of any processing of original measurements data. The third data set comes from much less frequent measurements and was highly processed. Soil temperature time pattern is dominated by seasonal component. Subtracting seasonal component exposes short time autocorrelation structure with 12 and 51 days range. It’s effect of soil thermal conductivity and reflects time delay in heating and cooling at 50 cm depth. Combining deterministic (seasonal sine function) and probabilistic (semivariogram) approach yields prediction of missing data at 0.1ºC precision level so it is comparable with measurement error. Monthly precipitation solute data shows three kinds of time pattern: seasonal (Ca, Mg, Na, S-SO4, N-NH4), long time tendency (trend, Cl, Zn) or lack of autocorrelation (CTY, Mn, P-PO4). Gas/aerosol pollutants time series shows similar, strong, short time autocorrelation structure, with 3.1–3.9 and 7.5–10 days ranges. It is the effect of typical frequency of weather changes in Poland. Each three for four days (100 times in the year) new air masses flowing in and weather changes. This data shows that complete air replacement (and lack of similarity in its physical and chemical properties) take place after two weather front shiftings. Pollutants variability in the time shorter than sampling interval (1 day) accounts 25 to 35% of total variability. Semivariogram analysis can also be an aid in choosing optimal measurement frequency, loosing some redundant information.
