by webadmin | Feb 3, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Regional Monitoring of Natural Environment 2004, No 5, 185-197
GEOGRAPHICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF PODZOLIC SOILS OF NEEDLE FORESTS IN MIDLLE AND NORTHERN EUROPE
Marek Degórski
Summary
The aim of the paper is determine spatial differences of selected properties in podzolic soils of the central and northern Europe and subsequently to point to their regional differences. The work took in the area of the zonal occurrence of podzolic soils and carried out within Germany, Poland, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland, between longitudes 12o25’ and 32o37’ E and longitudes 50o10’ and 69o44’ N. The internal similarity of the soil units established on the basis of the statistical analysis of dissimilarity of their characteristics and of the grouping of soil profiles, allowed for the performance of geographical division of the podzolic soils into two zones, within which the regional sub-zones were thereafter determined. It was obtained that spatial variability of podzolic soils is connected with initial time of pedogenesis, textural properties of soil substratum, recently higrothermal conditions and vegetation structure. Also, it was point out that spatial division of research area into the pedo-geographical units was made correctly and every region is characterised by the typical soil properties for each one.
by webadmin | Feb 3, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Regional Monitoring of Natural Environment 2004, No 5 129-138
TEMPORAL TRENDS IN THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PRECIPITATION, SOIL SEEPAGE AND STREAMWATER IN TWO FORESTED CATCHMENTS IN THE BLACK FOREST AND THE EASTERN ORE MOUNTAIS (GERMANY)
Martin Armbruster, Karl-Heinz Feger
Summary
This paper focuses on the temporal trends in the composition of precipitation, throughfall affected by atmospheric deposition-load and the consecutive modifactions in soil seepage and stream water chemistry of two forested catchments in Germany. The catchment ‘Schluchsee’ (Black Forest; SW Germany) has been exposed to relatively low atmospheric inputs lasting until a few years ago whereas Rotherdbach (Ore Mountains; E Germany) received considerable amounts of acid deposition (mainly originating from SO2 emissions). Both sites reveal decreases in S deposition and cojoined acidity during the 1990s which ensue also the general trends in Europe. In response to the decline in atmospheric, S deposition, soil solution and stream-water SO42- concentrations decreased significantly in the investigation period 1988-1998. In this time, the level of N deposition was more or less constant at both sites. At Schluchsee, NO3– concentration in stream water remained more or less unchanged, whilst a decrease at Rotherdbach was observed. Remarkable recovery of alkalinity was found in seepage water as indicated by increasing acid neutralizing capacity (ANC). Stream-water ANC increased only in the permanently acidified Rotherdbach. A change of ANC was observed in the Schluchsee stream, which was characterized by episodic acidification during high-flow conditions. Nevertheless, the key factor controlling the recovery from surface water acidification was the type, amount and distribution of stored S pools in the ecosystem. Thus, time series analysis of long-term data of input-output chemistry can be a valuable instrument in order to improve the understanding of linked terrestrial-aquatic systems and give useful clues for modeling efforts.
by webadmin | Feb 3, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Regional Monitoring of Natural Environment 2004, No 5, 103-115
ABOUT DURING FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF LESSIVE SOILS ENVIRONMENT IN CENTRAL EUROPE
K.-D. Jäger, D. Kopp
Summary
In the stratigraphical investigation of Central European loess exposures the Bt-horizons of buried soils representing the lessivé group (luvisols respectively podzoluvisols) as a rule are regarded as indication of interglacials.
Nevertheless, recently Bt-horizons of luvisols occur frequently on glaciogenic till substrates, too. There podzoluvisols are widespread. With good reason their development due to periglacial environment causing permafrost soil may be assumed. In the network patterns of the recent soil cover the same positions are occupied by podzoluvisols as in the lowland areas providing glacial deposits as on the loess deposits of the uplands. Consequently, comparable environment and period of origin may be supposed in all probability.
Apparently, the decisive condition of development causing Bt-horizons has been a period characterized by highly intensive water saturation of the contemporaneous surface due to melting permafrost during the lateglacial transition to the following interglacial. The consequence for the stratigraphical investigation of loess profiles means that any Bt-horizon does not indicate the real interglacial (or even its climax) but reflects the preceding transition from a previous glacial to the succeeding interglacial.
Apparently the period of creating lessivé soils occupying actual surfaces is shared mainly by the late Vistulian interstadials of Meiendorf and Bølling.
The sequence of horizons characterizing a lot or even the majority of actually superficial luvisols covering till as well as loess substrates in Central Europe does not correspond to the instructions recommended by the State Geological Surveys in Germany (Ah-Ael-Bt-C). Rather a correct description could be ABv-Bv-Et-Bt-C.
by webadmin | Feb 3, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Regional Monitoring of Natural Environment 2004, No 5, 119-126
GEOLOGICAL CRITERIA IN THE STUDIES OF BIOGENIC ACCUMULATION BASINS
Kazimierz Tobolski
Summary
The paper presents the advantages of geological criteria in contemporary studies of biogenic accumulation basins. As peat science is an applied discipline that does not focus on geology and biology of wetlands, knowledge about peat-forming basins and processes occurring there, should be the core of telmatology.
Geological structure of peat-forming areas (accumulated in process of sedentation) and peat underlying sediments (accumulated in process of sedimentation) allows understanding the hydrological conditions. It is also crucial to extensive access to peat archive of mire-lake sediments.
The paper is comprised of following parts: peatlands and wetlands, inland biogenic accumulation basins, peatlands and peat, sedimentation and sedentation and the concept of peatland ecosystem.
by webadmin | Feb 3, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Regional Monitoring of Natural Environment 2004, No 5, 213-234
MORPHOLOGY OF QUARTZ GRAINS FROM RELICT RESIDUAL DEPOSITS OF THE TERRA ROSSA AND TERRA FUSCA TYPE FROM THE HOLY CROSS MTS. AND THEIR MARGIN
Krystyna Konceka-Betley
Summary
Quartz grains from relict residual deposits of limestones located in the Holy Cross Mts. and their margin were analysed. The non-carbonate residual deposits of the terra rossa type as the residuum of Devonian limestone could have developed at the Permian/Triassic boundary, or in the Tertiary in a hot climate with dry and humid periods. The terra fusca residual deposit, in turn, as a residuum of Tertiary limestones, developed during the oldest interglacial of the Quaternary. In relation to the general characteristics of these residual deposits the evolution of quartz grains isolated from the non-carbonate residuum of the limestones is analysed. It was assumed that under different magnifications the quartz grains reveal features of chemical weathering typical of a neutral environment. Features pointing to an alkaline environment, when the quartz grain is still within the limestone, were observed to a much smaller degree. Amorphous silica may cement quartz grains, pass into crystalline forms (opal) or in certain physical-chemical conditions sodium-calcium aluminosilicates – zeolites – can be formed. Such recrystallisation is one of the stages of diageneis, when stable minerals are formed and the grain undergoes overgrowing.
