by webadmin | Feb 1, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Natural Environment Monitoring 2007, No 8, 99-104
ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF A GROUND BEETLE (COL., CARABIDAE) ASSEMBLAGE IN AN UPLAND FOREST IN SZYMBARK MONITORING STATION AREA
Stanisław Huruk, Alicja Huruk, Witold Bochenek
Summary
The study was carried out in the years 2004-2006. In each year of the study, ground beetles were collected into glycol-filled Barber’s traps in an upland forest from May to September. The collection period was divided into five monthly cycles. A total of 2625 individuals representing 19 species were collected. The numbers of species and individuals did not vary between the years of the study, exceptions including 20% more species caught in 2005 than in the remaining years and 20% more individuals caught in 2006 than in the remaining years of the study. The same ecological elements predominated in successive years in the designated ecological categories, with forestassociated species predominating with respect to habitat; mesohygrophilous elements with respect to humidity requirements; large zoophages with respect to feeding habits; and autumn breeders with respect to developmental type. Zoogeographic analysis showed a predominance of elements with narrower ranges: Euro-Siberian, montane species associated with the European Forest Province and those associated with the European Forest Province. These indices can be applied to bioindication-based evaluation of environmental conditions. Their values in this study may suggest that the study habitat was in good condition during the timeframe of the study.
by webadmin | Feb 1, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Natural Environment Monitoring 2007, No 8, 57-63
THE VARIABILITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN WATER CIRCULATION IN LAKE GARDNO CATCHMENT ON THE WOLIN ISLAND IN 1997-2005
Robert Kolander
Summary
The variability of chemical composition in water circulation in Lake Gardno catchment on the Wolin Island in 1997-2005 years shows that the result of a physico-chemical transformation of precipitation in the canopy of beech trees, the rainfall is enriched in most of the ions. The loads of hydrogen ions reaching the forest floor show variability correlated with the vegetation season. With the start of the beech growing season in April, the adsorption of hydrogen ions can be observed. The buffering ability of assimilation organs persists throughout the entire season, reducing the number of protons reaching the forest floor even by 99%. The effect is a substantial enrichment of water solutions getting to this part of the forest in potassium, calcium and magnesium loads. The volume of proton loads delivered to the forest floor in the non-growing season is more than 16 times greater. The Mineralization of water circulation in Lake Gardno catchment is lowest in the precipitation (14,5 g •dm-3). In biosphere reaches 37,2 mg •dm-3 (throughfall and stemflow). In lithosphere reaches over 300 mg •dm-3 (inflow, surface waters, and groundwaters on the two levels).
by webadmin | Feb 1, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Natural Environment Monitoring 2007, No 8, 51-56
ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THALLI OF HYPOGYMNIA PHYSODES (L.) NYL. LICHEN
Małgorzata Anna Jóźwiak
Summary
Specific response of organisms to changes in environment is named biomonitoring, and organisms sensitive to these changes are called bioindicators. Thanks to regular tracking of biotests, chemical and macroscopic analyses, data on qualitative changes of ecological systems are obtained. Characteristic constitution and physiology of lichens qualify these organisms to be used in biomonitoring research. The most important lichen features, which are of primary importance, are as follows: ability to absorb pollution on the whole external structure of thallus due to lack of surface protective layer, moisture uptake from the atmosphere together with pollutants deposited on dust particles, year-round continuous vegetation and environmental eurytopicity. Research on environmental pollution by heavy metals in Kielce was carried out in 2006. Grafting of Hypogymnia physodes (L) Nyl. lichen thallia was done in quarterly cycles in selected stands in the city. Grafted lichen thallia were taken from standard clean regions of Northeast Poland (Borecka Forest), and then placed on tree trunks close to research stands. Chemical analysis of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Fe, Cd, Zn) was performed in “0” sample before exposure, and then another one after 3-month impact of biotopic factors. During macroscopic research, thallus structure was examined using stereoscopic microscope and type of occurring changes (dye penetration, thallus shape, damages of structure on thallus surface) were determined. Results and their evaluation showed that average concentration of tested metals in 2006 in Kielce amounted to 58,87 mg•kg-1 d.w., and reached the highest average values in IV quarter (61,30 mg•kg-1d.w). From all tested metals the highest concentration was noticed for iron (annual average of 153,81 mg•kg-1 d.w.) and for lead (annual average of 52,82 mg•kg-1 d.w.), while the lowest concentration was detected for cadmium (Cd) – fig. 8. Morphological changes of Hypogymnia physodes thallus structure are displayed as colour changes (whitening, browning, blacking) – photo. 3, and severe damage of morphological structure that is characteristic for systematic features of this species (radial greengray rosettes) into spalling, necrotic, brittle and curled thallia come off substratum (photo. 1, 4).
by webadmin | Feb 1, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Natural Environment Monitoring 2007, No 8, 91-98
TWENTY-FOUR HOUR CYCLE OF THE TEMPERATURE OF WATER IN THE ROPA RIVER BELOW WATER RESERVOIR IN KLIMKÓWKA
Łukasz Wiejaczka
Summary
This article is presenting a twenty-four hour cycle of the temperature of water of the Ropa river during summer, below water reservoir in Klimkówka, and in thermal conditions of water changed by him as well as a changeability of this cycle during diversified weather phenomena. Also showing, that the starting water reservoir in Klimkówka has influenced on the course of values of the temperature of water of the Ropa river in the twenty-four hours cycle, below its location.
by webadmin | Feb 1, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Natural Environment Monitoring 2007, No 8, 73-90
TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF MAXIMUM DAILY PRECIPITATION TOTALS
Alfred Stach
Summary
Extreme precipitation events are of great significance for the operation of natural systems and can do much economic damage. Most of the climate change forecasts predict as highly probable an increase in their frequency and intensity. So far, however, little thought has been given to a possible change in the spatial structure of extreme precipitation. In the present study, a 25-year measurement series of maximum monthly and annual daily precipitation totals (MDPTs) from the area of Poland was employed to test a hypothesis about the existence of seasonal and multi-year variability of their spatial structure. For each of 325 sets of data an isotropic empirical semivariogram of normalised data with a range of 212.5 km (85 intervals 2.5 km in width) was calculated. The analysis of the seasonal and multi-year variability of the spatial structure was performed on parameters of semivariance models. The models were complex: they contained from two to five components. The spatial structure of MDPTs shows great variability, both yearly and multi-annual, which makes it hard to establish seasonal cyclicity and possible multi-year trends. On the basis of the results of univariate analysis of variance, it was found that statistically significant seasonal variability was displayed by the nugget variance (C0), the range (A1; about 15 km on average) and the variance of the first structure (C1). Mean values of other parameters also change in a regular way, but the differences are not significant statistically. The three above-mentioned parameters (C0, A1 and C1) also show distinct multi-year trends. They take the form of cyclic variability with a period of some 19 years (C1 and A1) and an indeterminate period longer than 25 years (C0). The nugget variance is the final effect of measurement errors and short-distance variability (including spatial discontinuity and the nonsynchronic nature of MDPTs). The first component can be identified primarily with precipitation from single convective cells. Thus, the performed analysis indicates that temporal changes largely affect the spatial structure of local precipitation.
