by webadmin | Feb 1, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Natural Environment Monitoring 2008, No 9, 47-55
DIFFERENTIATION OF THROUGHFALL IN SELECT SYLVAN ECOSYSTEMS IN ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKIE MOUNTAINS AND LOW BESKIDS
Witold Bochenek, Marek Jóźwiak, Małgorzata Kijowska, Rafał Kozłowski
Summary
Physiochemical properties and chemistry of atmospheric precipitation being influenced by air pollution are key elements contributing to present degradation of natural environment. The purpose of this study is to present spatial diversity of throughfall in sylvan ecosystem of Świętokrzyskie Mountains and Low Beskids. The measurements of physiochemical properties (pH, SEC) of throughfall were performed in 7-day cycle during research in the field.
It was observed that in fir-stand and spruce-stand a versatile transformation of chemical properties of water penetrating tree-crowns takes place which is caused by the age of the trees forming a beech-stand and morphological features of tree-crowns of both species. Horizontal distribution of rainfall contributes to diversity of physiochemical properties of water of throughfall. Their high frequency in Świętokrzyskie Mountains forms properties of water of throughfall beneath firs. No similar effect is observed in spruce-stand in Low Beskids.
by webadmin | Feb 1, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Natural Environment Monitoring 2008, No 9, 29-36
CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION METHODS USED IN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Ryszard Świetlik, Marzena Trojanowska
Summary
Trace metals in environmental solid samples may exist in different chemical forms or ways of binding. It is now widely recognized that the toxicity and the mobility of metals depend strongly on their specific chemical forms and physical phases. In environmental studies the determination of different species gives more information on trace metal mobility, as well as on their availability or toxicity in comparison with the total element content. Sequential extraction techniques are commonly used to chemical fractionation the solid-phase forms of metals in environmental samples. Many sequential extraction procedures have been developed for different solid samples (sediments, soils, sludge) and, despite numerous criticism, they remain very useful in environmental studies. The choice of procedure must be related to a definite objective, taking into account the nature of the sample.
This article reviews the methods used to chemical fractionation of metals in different environmental solid samples. Quantification of main phases associations of trace elements in soils and sediments helps in understanding geochemical processes in order to evaluate the remobilization potential and the risk induced.
by webadmin | Feb 1, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Natural Environment Monitoring 2008, No 9, 89-96
SYSTEM OF GUARANTEES OF ORIGIN OF ELECTRICITY FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES
Maciej Jóźwiak, Krzysztof Wierzbowski
Summary
The article presents fundamental Polish and EU legal acts and strategic documents. The analysis of the regulation shows the consecutive stages of action taken by the European community and Polish government aimed on the implementation effective methods of production electricity from renewable sources. During the analysis the author begins with the documents created in 1994 and ends with the perspectives and plans for development of energy renewable sources till 2017.
by webadmin | Feb 1, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Natural Environment Monitoring 2008, No 9, 71-77
AIR POLLUTION IN THE BASE STATIONS OF THE INTEGRATED NATURE MONITORING SYSTEM ON THE BASE OF HEAVY METALS AND SULPHUR CONCENTRATIONS IN LICHEN HYPOGYMNIA PHYSODES IN 2007
Katarzyna Sawicka-Kapusta, Marta Zakrzewska, Gabriela Bydłoń, Anna Pizło, Agnieszka Marek
Summary
In 2007 air pollution by heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe Cr, Ni) and SO2 in the Base Station of Integrated Nature Monitoring System was estimated using lichen Hypogymnia physodes as bioindicator. In July 2007 lichen samples from natural environment were collected in six Base Stations (Puszcza Borecka, Wigry, Storkowo, Pożary, Św.Krzyż, Szymbark). During winter season 2006/2007 and summer season 2007 lichens Hypogymnia physodes were transplanted for six months to three Base Stations (Koniczynka, Św. Krzyż, Szymbark). Different air pollution of the Base Stations were found. The lowest concentrations of the most of analysed heavy metals were found in Storkowo and Wigry Base Station. A high concentration of cadmium and lead, higher than in 2005, were found in lichen collected in Puszcza Borecka. Base Stations located in central and southern part of Poland had higher concentrations of heavy metals mainly cadmium lead and iron than those from the North of the country. In the all Base Stations high concentrations of sulphur were found which confirm air contamination by sulphur dioxide. No statistical differences in metals and sulphur accumulation in transplanted lichens between winter 2006/2007 and summer 2007 seasons were found. It shows no impact of heating season on air contamination in winter 2006/2007.
by webadmin | Feb 1, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Natural Environment Monitoring 2008, No 9, 79-87
SOIL PROTECTION FROM EROSION IN COUNTRYSIDE DEVELOPMENT
IN POLAND
Franciszek Woch
Summary
In the article, polish and european activities focused on rural areas development and environment modeling have been compared and analyzed. It has been stated, that in Poland, fundamental process of land modeling is still land consolidation, but in EU – complex rural areas rearrangement (based on the land consolidation).
So far, carried on in Poland land consolidation has made bad influence on agricultural environment in of soil erosion. For eliminating this disadvantageous impact, additional activities should be introduced, like antierosion melioration, aforestation, land recultivation or creating biotops.
In the article analyzed organizations (land arrangement) metod environment of soil erosion between in Poland (arrangement of agricultural road end border of a ground, transformations of land with adaptation to natural conditions – land afforestation end green lands allocation, protection antierosion afforestation, hydromeliorations with reconstruction of water level, ecological areas allocation).
by webadmin | Feb 1, 2015 | Bez kategorii
Natural Environment Monitoring 2008, No 9, 19-26
MACROPHYTES AS BIOINDICATORS OF HEAVY METALS OCCURRING IN SEDIMENTS
Anna Rabajczyk, Małgorzata Anna Jóźwiak
Summary
The Water Framework Directive introduced a new approach to evaluation and classification of waters including surface ones by defining an ecological condition. According to the Water Framework Directive, physiochemical and hydromorphological criteria play only supporting role in ecological condition determination, while emphasis is placed on use of biological criteria (Soszka H., Kolada A., 2006).
